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Animal Production Program
| 01N70 |
N:NIH(S)-nu
Nude |
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| Genetics: |
nu (autosomal recessive)
Homozygotes are hairless and distinguished from other hairless mutants by thymic
agenesis; heterozygotes are immunologically intact and haired. (322)
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| Diseases |
| Neoplastic (Spontaneous): |
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- No elevated risk of spontaneous neoplastic disease under conventional
or pathogen-free conditions.
- Leukemia and lymphoma of more than 15% at 12-15 months and 40%
at 15-18 months. (322)
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| Neoplastic (Induced): |
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- Nude mice are as susceptible as heterozygotes to tumor induction
by urethane, dimethylbenzanthracene, methylcholanthene, and benzo(a)pyrene,
but resistant to papilloma development after painting with dimethylbenzanthracene.
(322)
- Homozygotes are more sensitive than heterozygotes to polyma
virus. (322)
- Large numbers of heterotransplanted human tumors are accepted
by nude mice with only rare examples of tumor metastases,
but only 20% of human tumors can be successfully
tramsplanted into nude mice. (322)
- After heterotransplantation of human urogenital tumors into
nude mice, C-type virus-like particles were found in the stroma
of the transplanted tumors;
in one case C-type particles were found in epithelial cells and connective
tissue,
suggesting that the endogenous virus of nude mice was activated by the
graft and infected the tumor cells. (809)
- Survival of heterotransplanted human tumor graft was enhanced
by treatment with antilymphocyte serum. (213)
- The transplantation of solid human tumors to nude mice followed
by irradiation exposure is proposed as a method to establish
experimentally based dose-fractioning
programs for radiation treatment of patients with the tumors. (694)
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| Non-Neoplastic (Induced): |
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- Attempts to transmit human viral hepatitis types A and B to 12-week-old
females by administration of infectious doses of hepatitis type
A virus or hepatitis B surface antigen positive or negative sera
failed. (795)
- Mouse hepatitis virus, isolated from livers of nude mice with
hepatitis, induced the disease in nude mice, but normal conventional
haired littermates were not
susceptible to the virus. (776)
- Hepatic jaundice of unknown etiology was reported in a colony
under standard care for 12 months; the disease was characterized
by jaundice, emaciation,
and rapid death; livers were swollen, and vaculated hepatic cells with an
increase in the number of enlarged Kupffer cells were observed.
No virus was isolated.
(756)
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| Other Characteristics |
| Immunologic: |
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- Nude mice are severely depleted of thymic derived lymphocytes
by a large number of histologic and functional criteria; inability
to reject cells and xenografts, lack of T helper cell activity,
failure to mount a graft-vs-host response, inability to generate
cytotoxic T cells, reduced contact sensitization, negligible
response to T cell mitogens, markedly reduced levels of θ bearing
cells, normal numbers of T cell precursors, and reduced or absent
levels of IgA. (322)
- Higher NK activity than conventional mice, which may account
for their resistance to development of spontaneous tumors. (139)
- Adult mice have high augmentation of NK activity by interferon
or ployinosinic cytidylic acid compared to C57BL/6N. (138)
- Immunization with Sindbis virus protected nu/nu, nu/+, and
+/+ equally against challenge with Sindbis virus, but provided
nu/nu with only 1/10 the protection
provided nu/+ and +/+ against Semliki Forest virus. The low level specific
cross-protection may be due to activated macrophages or nonadherent, nonphagocytic
endogenous
natural killer cells. (390)
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| Biochemical: |
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- Higher hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system. (303)
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| Misc: |
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- LD50 doses significantly higher in nude thant NIH Swiss for BCNU,
methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil; DTIC was only compound tested
that was more toxic to nude. (303)
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